When you go for a check up, your dentist checks your fillings and may suggest that you replace any loose or broken ones. Your dentist also looks for signs of decay, such as brown or black spots and may want to use X-rays to take a closer look at problem spots. If you have a cavity, your dentist may keep an eye on it (if it's small) or fill it right away. If a large cavity is not filled, it can get bigger and cause pain. The tooth may even have to be removed and replaced with a false (or artificial) tooth.
Your dentist cares about you and your oral health. If you have any questions or concerns about fillings, talk to your dentist. He or she will advise you on the type of filling that works best in your particular case, and inform you about the aesthetic and cost implications for each type. Before you get a filling, tell your dentist about changes to your health since your last visit:
Are you taking medicine?
Do you have allergies?
Are you pregnant?
There are several different types of fillings that can be used to fill a cavity, but the final decision on which type of filling is placed in your mouth is yours alone.
How fillings are done To fill a cavity, your dentist may first give you local anesthetic, so you do not feel any pain. Your dentist then takes out all traces of decay, shapes the hole and fills it. Most fillings are done in two ways:
Direct filling - these fillings go right into the cavity, after your dentist has cleaned out the decay. Amalgam (or silver) fillings and composite (or white) fillings are examples of direct fillings. They harden quickly. Most of the time, you will be able to have a direct filling put in place in one appointment.
Indirect filling - examples of this type of filling are crowns (or caps) and inlays. They are custom made in a lab to fit your tooth. Your dentist cements the filling in place. Most indirect fillings take two or more appointments to complete.
Remember, your dentist is interested in you and your oral health. If you are concerned about having any particular dental restorative materials placed in your teeth, talk to your dentist and be a partner in decisions about your oral health care.
Metal fillings
Dental amalgam fillings - dental amalgam fillings are sometimes called "silver" fillings. They are based on a combination of mercury and silver. Because these fillings are silver in colour, they are used to fill back teeth. They are a mix of metals such as mercury, silver, copper and tin.
Advantages:
These fillings are the least expensive type of filling
Disadvantages:
The silver colour may not appeal to people who want a "natural" look
Tiny amounts of mercury are released from the filling when you chew. For most people, this bit of mercury is nothing to worry about. Studies have not shown that amalgam fillings cause illness.
Cast gold fillings - cast gold fillings are based on a model (or cast) of your tooth. Cast gold fillings are a mixture of gold with other metals such as silver and copper. These other metals make gold fillings more durable. A cast gold filling is made in a dental lab and sent back to your dentist, who cements it in place in your mouth. You will need at least two visits to the dentist to get the job done. During the first visit, your dentist cleans out all the decay and makes a mould of your tooth. The hole is filled with a temporary filling. Meanwhile, in a dental lab, the mould of your tooth is used to make a model. A filling that is the same size and shape as your tooth is built, based on the model. When you go back to the dentist a couple of weeks later, the gold filling is cemented in place.
Advantages:
Gold is stronger than amalgam
Gold fillings last a long time
Disadvantages:
Gold costs more than other kinds of fillings
Gold fillings and crowns are indirect fillings, so they require at least two appointments
The gold colour may not appeal to people who want a "natural" look
Tooth-coloured fillings
Composite fillings - composite fillings are also called plastic or white fillings. Getting this kind of filling depends on where the tooth is in your mouth. Talk to your dentist about other options. To place this filling, your dentist cleans all decay from the tooth and puts a glue (or bonding material) on the inside of the hole. Composite resin is put into the hole in thin layers. Each layer gets hard with the help of a special light that your dentist holds over the tooth. When the last layer of the filling is hard, your dentist shapes the filling so it looks and feels natural.
Advantages:
These fillings will be the same colour as your natural teeth
They cost less than gold fillings
They are direct fillings, so they can be done in one appointment, in most cases
Disadvantages:
Composite fillings cost more than amalgam fillings
Glass ionomer materials - glass ionomer materials are only used in teeth where you do not bite down hard. There have not been many studies about how long this kind of filling lasts. Newer forms of the filling may be stronger and last longer. Research is underway to evaluate the effectiveness of these materials.
Advantages:
These fillings are the same colour as your natural teeth
They contain fluoride, which helps stop recurrent decay in the tooth
They do not have to be put in layer by layer; thus, they are simpler to put in than composite resins
They are direct fillings and can be done in one appointment, in most cases
They cost less than gold fillings
Disadvantages:
They are not as strong and will not last as long as other fillings
They cost more than amalgam fillings
Porcelain materials - porcelain materials are the most common type of dental ceramic used by dentists. They are hard and brittle. Porcelain and metal can be combined to make a strong, tooth-coloured crown. Dental porcelain is made in a dental lab. Unless you have a bad tooth-grinding habit or some other problem, a combination of porcelain and metal can be used anywhere in the mouth.
Advantages:
Dental porcelain is the same colour as natural teeth
These fillings last a long time
Disadvantages:
For teeth that bite down hard - like molars - ceramics are not a good choice. Fillings can break
They are indirect fillings, so at least two appointments will be needed